AI's Role in Deepening Global Inequality
While AI promises progress, a growing divide shows who truly benefits.
Key points
- South Africa withdrew a draft AI policy in April 2026 due to fake citations.
- Indonesia aims to train 100,000 AI-skilled workers annually by 2025.
- In 2023, the US accounted for 87% of global cloud computing exports.
How does AI increase inequality?
Artificial intelligence, or AI, is enhancing many sectors such as education, healthcare, and finance. However, its benefits are unevenly distributed across the globe. According to a report from Stanford University, in 2026 the United States hosts more than 5,000 data centers, which is over ten times more than any other country. This concentration means that AI's development is largely dependent on a few countries, leaving others to rely on imported technologies. This creates a dependency that limits local innovation in places like sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.
Are countries taking steps to bridge the gap?
Some countries are making efforts to participate in AI development without directly competing with the technological powerhouses. South Africa's attempt to draft a national AI policy in April 2026, which was retracted due to fake academic citations, illustrates the challenges faced. Meanwhile, Indonesia's National Research and Innovation Agency is focusing on practical AI tools for underserved communities. These include apps for fishermen and multilingual language models. By 2025, Indonesia plans to train 100,000 workers in AI skills annually.
What are the implications for skills and education?
Globally, there's a significant gap in digital skills. UNESCO reports that while AI is being integrated into education, support for teaching AI literacy at the primary level remains uneven. In OECD countries, only 40% of adults have more than basic digital skills. Those with advanced education and stable internet access are better positioned to use AI, while others may only experience it through automated systems they cannot control.
Common questions
How does AI affect economic opportunities?
Countries that do not develop their own AI technologies may miss out on creating local jobs and innovation ecosystems. This can lead to a dependence on technologies made elsewhere, which may not align with local needs or languages.
Is there any regional cooperation in AI?
Yes, regional efforts are underway. In 2024, African ministers adopted a Continental AI Strategy, aiming to foster local AI development and reduce reliance on foreign systems. These initiatives focus on regional cooperation and open-source ecosystems to support local innovation.
